PCB COPY MCU CLONE ZHKRPCB
 
 
Microchip PIC MCU Reverse Engineer

Microchip Technology is an American manufacturer of microcontroller, memory and analog semiconductors. Its products include microcontrollers (PICmicro, dsPIC / PIC24, PIC32), Serial EEPROM devices, Serial SRAM devices, KEELOQ devices, radio frequency (RF) devices, thermal, power and battery management analog devices, as well as linear, interface and mixed signal devices. Some of the interface devices include USB, ZigBee/MiWi, Controller Area Network, and Ethernet.

Corporate headquarters is located at Chandler, Arizona with wafer fabs in Tempe, Arizona and Gresham, Oregon. Sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 were $1,581,623,000.


  • Microchip PIC MCU reverse engineer list:
  • PIC10Fxx full series mcu hack: PIC10F200 PIC10F202 PIC10F204 PIC10F206 PIC10F220 PIC10F222 PIC10F320 PIC10F322 PIC10LF320 PIC10LF322 PIC10LF200 PIC10LF202 PIC10LF204 PIC10LF206 PIC10LF220 PIC10LF222 PIC10LF320 PIC10LF322 ...

    PIC12Fxx/PIC12LFxx/PIC12HVxx full series mcu hack: PIC12F1501 PIC12F1571 PIC12F1572 PIC12F1612 PIC12F1822 PIC12F1840 PIC12F1552 PIC12F508 PIC12F509 PIC12F510 PIC12F519 PIC12F529T39A PIC12F529T48A PIC12F609 PIC12F615 PIC12F617 PIC12F629 PIC12F635 PIC12F675 PIC12F683 PIC12F752 PIC12LF1501 PIC12LF1571 PIC12LF1572 PIC12LF1612 PIC12LF1822 PIC12LF1840 PIC12LF1552 PIC12LF508 PIC12LF509 PIC12LF510 PIC12LF519 PIC12LF529T39A PIC12LF529T48A PIC12LF609 PIC12LF615 PIC12LF617 PIC12LF629 PIC12LF635 PIC12LF675 PIC12LF683 PIC12LF752 PIC12LF1501 PIC12LF1552 PIC12LF1822 PIC12LF1840 PIC12LF1840T39A PIC12LF1840T48A PIC12HV609 PIC12HV615 PIC12HV752 ...

    PIC12Cxx/PIC12CExx full series mcu hack: PIC12C508 PIC12C508A PIC12C509 PIC12C509A PIC12C671 PIC12C672 PIC12CE518 PIC12CE519 PIC12CE625 PIC12CE673 PIC12CE674 PIC12CR509A ...

    PIC16Cxx/PIC16CExx/PIC16CRxx full series mcu firmware read: PIC16C432 PIC16C433 PIC16C505 PIC16C52 PIC16C54 PIC16C54A PIC16C54B PIC16C54C PIC16C55 PIC16C554 PIC16C557 PIC16C558 PIC16C55A PIC16C56 PIC16C56A PIC16C57 PIC16C57C PIC16C58A PIC16C58B PIC16C620 PIC16C620A PIC16C621 PIC16C621A PIC16C622 PIC16C622A PIC16C62A PIC16C62B PIC16C63 PIC16C63A PIC16C642 PIC16C64A PIC16C65A PIC16C65B PIC16C66 PIC16C662 PIC16C67 PIC16C71 PIC16C710 PIC16C711 PIC16C712 PIC16C715 PIC16C716 PIC16C717 PIC16C72 PIC16C72A PIC16C73A PIC16C73B PIC16C745 PIC16C74A PIC16C74B PIC16C76 PIC16C765 PIC16C77 PIC16C770 PIC16C771 PIC16C773 PIC16C774 PIC16C781 PIC16C782 PIC16C923 PIC16C924 PIC16C925 PIC16C926 PIC16CE623 PIC16CE624 PIC16CE625 PIC16CR54 PIC16CR54A PIC16CR54C PIC16CR56A PIC16CR57C PIC16CR58B PIC16CR62 PIC16CR620A PIC16CR63 PIC16CR64 PIC16CR65 PIC16CR72 PIC16CR73 PIC16CR74 PIC16CR76 PIC16CR77 PIC16CR83 PIC16CR84 PIC16CR926 ...

    PIC16Fxx/PIC16LFxx/PIC16HVxx full series mcu hack: PIC16F1454 PIC16F1455 PIC16F1459 PIC16F1503 PIC16F1507 PIC16F1508 PIC16F1509 PIC16F1512 PIC16F1513 PIC16F1516 PIC16F1517 PIC16F1518 PIC16F1519 PIC16F1526 PIC16F1527 PIC16F1782 PIC16F1783 PIC16F1784 PIC16F1786 PIC16F1787 PIC16F1788 PIC16F1789 PIC16F1823 PIC16F1824 PIC16F1825 PIC16F1826 PIC16F1827 PIC16F1828 PIC16F1829 PIC16F1847 PIC16F1933 PIC16F1934 PIC16F1936 PIC16F1937 PIC16F1938 PIC16F1939 PIC16F1946 PIC16F1947 PIC16F505 PIC16F506 PIC16F526 PIC16F527 PIC16F54 PIC16F57 PIC16F570 PIC16F59 PIC16F610 PIC16F616 PIC16F627 PIC16F627A PIC16F628 PIC16F628A PIC16F630 PIC16F631 PIC16F636 PIC16F639 PIC16F648A PIC16F676 PIC16F677 PIC16F684 PIC16F685 PIC16F687 PIC16F688 PIC16F689 PIC16F690 PIC16F707 PIC16F716 PIC16F72 PIC16F720 PIC16F721 PIC16F722 PIC16F722A PIC16F723 PIC16F723A PIC16F724 PIC16F726 PIC16F727 PIC16F73 PIC16F737 PIC16F74 PIC16F747 PIC16F753 PIC16F76 PIC16F767 PIC16F77 PIC16F777 PIC16F785 PIC16F818 PIC16F819 PIC16F83 PIC16F84 PIC16F84A PIC16F87 PIC16F870 PIC16F871 PIC16F872 PIC16F873 PIC16F873A PIC16F874 PIC16F874A PIC16F876 PIC16F876A PIC16F877 PIC16F877A PIC16F88 PIC16F882 PIC16F883 PIC16F884 PIC16F886 PIC16F887 PIC16F913 PIC16F914 PIC16F916 PIC16F917 PIC16F946 PIC16LF505 PIC16LF506 PIC16LF526 PIC16LF527 PIC16LF54 PIC16LF57 PIC16LF570 PIC16LF59 PIC16LF610 PIC16LF616 PIC16LF627 PIC16LF627A PIC16LF628 PIC16LF628A PIC16LF630 PIC16LF631 PIC16LF636 PIC16LF639 PIC16LF648A PIC16LF676 PIC16LF677 PIC16LF684 PIC16LF685 PIC16LF687 PIC16LF688 PIC16LF689 PIC16LF690 PIC16LF707 PIC16LF716 PIC16LF72 PIC16LF720 PIC16LF721 PIC16LF722 PIC16LF722A PIC16LF723 PIC16LF723A PIC16LF724 PIC16LF726 PIC16LF727 PIC16LF73 PIC16LF737 PIC16LF74 PIC16LF747 PIC16LF753 PIC16LF76 PIC16LF767 PIC16LF77 PIC16LF777 PIC16LF785 PIC16LF818 PIC16LF819 PIC16LF83 PIC16LF84 PIC16LF84A PIC16LF87 PIC16LF870 PIC16LF871 PIC16LF872 PIC16LF873 PIC16LF873A PIC16LF874 PIC16LF874A PIC16LF876 PIC16LF876A PIC16LF877 PIC16LF877A PIC16LF88 PIC16LF882 PIC16LF883 PIC16LF884 PIC16LF886 PIC16LF887 PIC16LF913 PIC16LF914 PIC16LF916 PIC16LF917 PIC16LF946 PIC16HV540 PIC16HV610 PIC16HV616 PIC16HV753 PIC16HV785 PIC16LF1454 PIC16LF1455 PIC16LF1459 PIC16LF1503 PIC16LF1507 PIC16LF1508 PIC16LF1509 PIC16LF1512 PIC16LF1513 PIC16LF1516 PIC16LF1517 PIC16LF1518 PIC16LF1519 PIC16LF1526 PIC16LF1527 PIC16LF1782 PIC16LF1783 PIC16LF1784 PIC16LF1786 PIC16LF1787 PIC16LF1788 PIC16LF1789 PIC16LF1823 PIC16LF1824 PIC16LF1824T39A PIC16LF1825 PIC16LF1826 PIC16LF1827 PIC16LF1828 PIC16LF1829 PIC16LF1847 PIC16LF1902 PIC16LF1903 PIC16LF1904 PIC16LF1906 PIC16LF1907 PIC16LF1933 PIC16LF1934 PIC16LF1936 PIC16LF1937 PIC16LF1938 PIC16LF1939 PIC16LF1946 PIC16LF1947 PIC16F1455 PIC16F1459 PIC12F1501 PIC16F1503 PIC16F1507 PIC16F1508 PIC12F1571 PIC12F1572 PIC16F1574 PIC16F1575 PIC16F1578 PIC16F1579 PIC12F1612 PIC16F1613 PIC16F1614 PIC16F1615 PIC16F1618 PIC12F1822 PIC16F1823 PIC16F1824 PIC16F1825 PIC16F1828 PIC16F1829 PIC16F18313 PIC16F18323 PIC16F18324 PIC16F18325 PIC16F18344 PIC16F18345 PIC12F1552 PIC16F1554 PIC16F1559 PIC16F1516 PIC16F1518 PIC16F1512 PIC16F1513 PIC16F1517 PIC16F1519 PIC16F1713 PIC16F1716 PIC16F1718 PIC16F1717 PIC16F1719 PIC16F1782 PIC16F1783 PIC16F1786 PIC16F1788 PIC16F1784 PIC16F1787 PIC16F1789 PIC16F18855 PIC16F18875 PIC16F1902 PIC16F1903 PIC16F1906 PIC16F1904 PIC16F1907 PIC16F1933 PIC16F1936 PIC16F1938 PIC16F1934 PIC16F1937 PIC16F1939 PIC16LF1454 PIC16LF1455 PIC16LF1459 PIC12LF1501 PIC16LF1503 PIC16LF1507 PIC16LF1508 PIC12LF1571 PIC12LF1572 PIC16LF1574 PIC16LF1575 PIC16LF1578 PIC16LF1579 PIC12LF1612 PIC16LF1613 PIC16LF1614 PIC16LF1615 PIC16LF1618 PIC12LF1822 PIC16LF1823 PIC16LF1824 PIC16LF1825 PIC16LF1828 PIC16LF1829 PIC16LF18313 PIC16LF18323 PIC16LF18324 PIC16LF18325 PIC16LF18344 PIC16LF18345 PIC12LF1552 PIC16LF1554 PIC16LF1559 PIC16LF1516 PIC16LF1518 PIC16LF1512 PIC16LF1513 PIC16LF1517 PIC16LF1519 PIC16LF1713 PIC16LF1716 PIC16LF1718 PIC16LF1717 PIC16LF1719 PIC16LF1782 PIC16LF1783 PIC16LF1786 PIC16LF1788 PIC16LF1784 PIC16LF1787 PIC16LF1789 PIC16LF18855 PIC16LF18875 PIC16LF1902 PIC16LF1903 PIC16LF1906 PIC16LF1904 PIC16LF1907 PIC16LF1933 PIC16LF1936 PIC16LF1938 PIC16LF1934 PIC16LF1937 PIC16LF1939 PIC12F1840 PIC16F18326 PIC16LF18326 PIC16F18346 PIC16LF18346 PIC16F15354 PIC16LF15354 PIC16F15355 PIC16LF15355 PIC16F18854 PIC16LF18854 PIC16F18856 PIC16LF18856 PIC16F18857 PIC16LF18857 PIC16F18876 PIC16LF18876 PIC16F18877 PIC16LF18877 PIC16F15356 PIC16LF15356 PIC16F15375 PIC16LF15375 PIC16F15376 PIC16LF15376 PIC16F15385 PIC16LF15385 PIC16F15386 PIC16LF15386 PIC16F19195 PIC16LF19195 PIC16F19196 PIC16LF19196 PIC16F19197 PIC16LF19197 PIC16F15325 PIC16LF15325 PIC16F15345 PIC16LF15345 ...

    PIC17Cxx/PIC17LCxx full series mcu hack:PIC17C42 PIC17C42A PIC17C43 PIC17C44 PIC17C752 PIC17C756 PIC17C756A PIC17C762 PIC17C766 PIC17CR42 PIC17CR43 PIC18C242 ...

    PIC18Cxx full series mcu hack:PIC18C242 PIC18C252 PIC18C442 PIC18C452 PIC18C601 PIC18C658 PIC18C801 PIC18C858 ...

    PIC18Fxx/PIC18FxxJxx/PIC18FxxKxx full series mcu hack: PIC18F1220 PIC18F1230 PIC18F1320 PIC18F1330 PIC18F13K22 PIC18F13K50 PIC18F14K22 PIC18F14K22LIN PIC18F14K50 PIC18F2220 PIC18F2221 PIC18F2320 PIC18F2321 PIC18F2331 PIC18F23K20 PIC18F23K22 PIC18F2410 PIC18F242 PIC18F2420 PIC18F2423 PIC18F2431 PIC18F2439 PIC18F2450 PIC18F2455 PIC18F2458 PIC18F248 PIC18F2480 PIC18F24J10 PIC18F24J11 PIC18F24J50 PIC18F24K20 PIC18F24K22 PIC18F24K50 PIC18F2510 PIC18F2515 PIC18F252 PIC18F2520 PIC18F2523 PIC18F2525 PIC18F2539 PIC18F2550 PIC18F2553 PIC18F258 PIC18F2580 PIC18F2585 PIC18F25J10 PIC18F25J11 PIC18F25J50 PIC18F25K20 PIC18F25K22 PIC18F25K50 PIC18F25K80 PIC18F2610 PIC18F2620 PIC18F2680 PIC18F2682 PIC18F2685 PIC18F26J11 PIC18F26J13 PIC18F26J50 PIC18F26J53 PIC18F26K20 PIC18F26K22 PIC18F26K80 PIC18F27J13 PIC18F27J53 PIC18F4220 PIC18F4221 PIC18F4320 PIC18F4321 PIC18F4331 PIC18F43K20 PIC18F43K22 PIC18F4410 PIC18F442 PIC18F4420 PIC18F4423 PIC18F4431 PIC18F4439 PIC18F4450 PIC18F4455 PIC18F4458 PIC18F448 PIC18F4480 PIC18F44J10 PIC18F44J11 PIC18F44J50 PIC18F44K20 PIC18F44K22 PIC18F4510 PIC18F4515 PIC18F452 PIC18F4520 PIC18F4523 PIC18F4525 PIC18F4539 PIC18F4550 PIC18F4553 PIC18F458 PIC18F4580 PIC18F4585 PIC18F45J10 PIC18F45J11 PIC18F45J50 PIC18F45K20 PIC18F45K22 PIC18F45K50 PIC18F45K80 PIC18F4610 PIC18F4620 PIC18F4680 PIC18F4682 PIC18F4685 PIC18F46J11 PIC18F46J13 PIC18F46J50 PIC18F46J53 PIC18F46K20 PIC18F46K22 PIC18F46K80 PIC18F47J13 PIC18F47J53 PIC18F6310 PIC18F6390 PIC18F6393 PIC18F63J11 PIC18F63J90 PIC18F6410 PIC18F6490 PIC18F6493 PIC18F64J11 PIC18F64J90 PIC18F6520 PIC18F6525 PIC18F6527 PIC18F6585 PIC18F65J10 PIC18F65J11 PIC18F65J15 PIC18F65J50 PIC18F65J90 PIC18F65J94 PIC18F65K22 PIC18F65K80 PIC18F65K90 PIC18F6620 PIC18F6621 PIC18F6622 PIC18F6627 PIC18F6628 PIC18F6680 PIC18F66J10 PIC18F66J11 PIC18F66J15 PIC18F66J16 PIC18F66J50 PIC18F66J55 PIC18F66J60 PIC18F66J65 PIC18F66J90 PIC18F66J93 PIC18F66J94 PIC18F66J99 PIC18F66K22 PIC18F66K80 PIC18F66K90 PIC18F6720 PIC18F6722 PIC18F6723 PIC18F67J10 PIC18F67J11 PIC18F67J50 PIC18F67J60 PIC18F67J90 PIC18F67J93 PIC18F67J94 PIC18F67K22 PIC18F67K90 PIC18F8310 PIC18F8390 PIC18F8393 PIC18F83J11 PIC18F83J90 PIC18F8410 PIC18F8490 PIC18F8493 PIC18F84J11 PIC18F84J90 PIC18F8520 PIC18F8525 PIC18F8527 PIC18F8585 PIC18F85J10 PIC18F85J11 PIC18F85J15 PIC18F85J50 PIC18F85J90 PIC18F85J94 PIC18F85K22 PIC18F85K90 PIC18F8620 PIC18F8621 PIC18F8622 PIC18F8627 PIC18F8628 PIC18F8680 PIC18F86J10 PIC18F86J11 PIC18F86J15 PIC18F86J16 PIC18F86J50 PIC18F86J55 PIC18F86J60 PIC18F86J65 PIC18F86J72 PIC18F86J90 PIC18F86J93 PIC18F86J94 PIC18F86J99 PIC18F86K22 PIC18F86K90 PIC18F8720 PIC18F8722 PIC18F8723 PIC18F87J10 PIC18F87J11 PIC18F87J50 PIC18F87J60 PIC18F87J72 PIC18F87J90 PIC18F87J93 PIC18F87J94 PIC18F87K22 PIC18F87K90 PIC18F95J94 PIC18F96J60 PIC18F96J65 PIC18F96J94 PIC18F96J99 PIC18F97J60 PIC18F97J94 PIC18LF1220 PIC18LF1230 PIC18LF1320 PIC18LF1330 PIC18LF13K22 PIC18LF13K50 PIC18LF14K22 PIC18LF14K22LIN PIC18LF14K50 PIC18LF2220 PIC18LF2221 PIC18LF2320 PIC18LF2321 PIC18LF2331 PIC18LF23K20 PIC18LF23K22 PIC18LF2410 PIC18LF242 PIC18LF2420 PIC18LF2423 PIC18LF2431 PIC18LF2439 PIC18LF2450 PIC18LF2455 PIC18LF2458 PIC18LF248 PIC18LF2480 PIC18LF24J10 PIC18LF24J11 PIC18LF24J50 PIC18LF24K20 PIC18LF24K22 PIC18LF24K50 PIC18LF2510 PIC18LF2515 PIC18LF252 PIC18LF2520 PIC18LF2523 PIC18LF2525 PIC18LF2539 PIC18LF2550 PIC18LF2553 PIC18LF258 PIC18LF2580 PIC18LF2585 PIC18LF25J10 PIC18LF25J11 PIC18LF25J50 PIC18LF25K20 PIC18LF25K22 PIC18LF25K50 PIC18LF25K80 PIC18LF2610 PIC18LF2620 PIC18LF2680 PIC18LF2682 PIC18LF2685 PIC18LF26J11 PIC18LF26J13 PIC18LF26J50 PIC18LF26J53 PIC18LF26K20 PIC18LF26K22 PIC18LF26K80 PIC18LF27J13 PIC18LF27J53 PIC18LF4220 PIC18LF4221 PIC18LF4320 PIC18LF4321 PIC18LF4331 PIC18LF43K20 PIC18LF43K22 PIC18LF4410 PIC18LF442 PIC18LF4420 PIC18LF4423 PIC18LF4431 PIC18LF4439 PIC18LF4450 PIC18LF4455 PIC18LF4458 PIC18LF448 PIC18LF4480 PIC18LF44J10 PIC18LF44J11 PIC18LF44J50 PIC18LF44K20 PIC18LF44K22 PIC18LF4510 PIC18LF4515 PIC18LF452 PIC18LF4520 PIC18LF4523 PIC18LF4525 PIC18LF4539 PIC18LF4550 PIC18LF4553 PIC18LF458 PIC18LF4580 PIC18LF4585 PIC18LF45J10 PIC18LF45J11 PIC18LF45J50 PIC18LF45K20 PIC18LF45K22 PIC18LF45K50 PIC18LF45K80 PIC18LF4610 PIC18LF4620 PIC18LF4680 PIC18LF4682 PIC18LF4685 PIC18LF46J11 PIC18LF46J13 PIC18LF46J50 PIC18LF46J53 PIC18LF46K20 PIC18LF46K22 PIC18LF46K80 PIC18LF47J13 PIC18LF47J53 PIC18LF6310 PIC18LF6390 PIC18LF6393 PIC18LF63J11 PIC18LF63J90 PIC18LF6410 PIC18LF6490 PIC18LF6493 PIC18LF64J11 PIC18LF64J90 PIC18LF6520 PIC18LF6525 PIC18LF6527 PIC18LF6585 PIC18LF65J10 PIC18LF65J11 PIC18LF65J15 PIC18LF65J50 PIC18LF65J90 PIC18LF65J94 PIC18LF65K22 PIC18LF65K80 PIC18LF65K90 PIC18LF6620 PIC18LF6621 PIC18LF6622 PIC18LF6627 PIC18LF6628 PIC18LF6680 PIC18LF66J10 PIC18LF66J11 PIC18LF66J15 PIC18LF66J16 PIC18LF66J50 PIC18LF66J55 PIC18LF66J60 PIC18LF66J65 PIC18LF66J90 PIC18LF66J93 PIC18LF66J94 PIC18LF66J99 PIC18LF66K22 PIC18LF66K80 PIC18LF66K90 PIC18LF6720 PIC18LF6722 PIC18LF6723 PIC18LF67J10 PIC18LF67J11 PIC18LF67J50 PIC18LF67J60 PIC18LF67J90 PIC18LF67J93 PIC18LF67J94 PIC18LF67K22 PIC18LF67K90 PIC18LF8310 PIC18LF8390 PIC18LF8393 PIC18LF83J11 PIC18LF83J90 PIC18LF8410 PIC18LF8490 PIC18LF8493 PIC18LF84J11 PIC18LF84J90 PIC18LF8520 PIC18LF8525 PIC18LF8527 PIC18LF8585 PIC18LF85J10 PIC18LF85J11 PIC18LF85J15 PIC18LF85J50 PIC18LF85J90 PIC18LF85J94 PIC18LF85K22 PIC18LF85K90 PIC18LF8620 PIC18LF8621 PIC18LF8622 PIC18LF8627 PIC18LF8628 PIC18LF8680 PIC18LF86J10 PIC18LF86J11 PIC18LF86J15 PIC18LF86J16 PIC18LF86J50 PIC18LF86J55 PIC18LF86J60 PIC18LF86J65 PIC18LF86J72 PIC18LF86J90 PIC18LF86J93 PIC18LF86J94 PIC18LF86J99 PIC18LF86K22 PIC18LF86K90 PIC18LF8720 PIC18LF8722 PIC18LF8723 PIC18LF87J10 PIC18LF87J11 PIC18LF87J50 PIC18LF87J60 PIC18LF87J72 PIC18LF87J90 PIC18LF87J93 PIC18LF87J94 PIC18LF87K22 PIC18LF87K90 PIC18LF95J94 PIC18LF96J60 PIC18LF96J65 PIC18LF96J94 PIC18LF96J99 PIC18LF97J60 PIC18LF97J94 ...

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Microchip PIC Series

PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1650 originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller".

PICs are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial programming (and re-programming with flash memory) capability. They are also commonly used in educational programming as they often come with the easy to use 'pic logicator' software.

History

Various older (EPROM) PIC microcontrollersThe original PIC was built to be used with General Instrument's new 16-bit CPU, the CP1600. While generally a good CPU, the CP1600 had poor I/O performance, and the 8-bit PIC was developed in 1975 to improve performance of the overall system by offloading I/O tasks from the CPU. The PIC used simple microcode stored in ROM to perform its tasks, and although the term was not used at the time, it shares some common features with RISC designs.

In 1985, General Instrument spun off their microelectronics division and the new ownership read EEprom and ROM flash memory get read read protected HEX cancelled almost everything — which by this time was mostly out-of-date. The PIC, however, was upgraded with internal EPROM to produce a programmable channel controller and today a huge variety of PICs are available with various on-board peripherals (serial communication modules, UARTs, motor control kernels, etc.) and program memory from 256 words to 64k words and more (a "word" is one assembly language instruction, varying from 12, 14 or 16 bits depending on the specific PIC micro family).

PIC and PICmicro are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology. It is generally thought that PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller, although General Instruments' original acronym for the initial PIC1640 and PIC1650 devices was "Programmable Interface Controller".[4] The acronym was quickly replaced with "Programmable Intelligent Computer".[5]

The Microchip 16C84 (PIC16x84), introduced in 1993, was the first[citation needed] Microchip CPU with on-chip EEPROM memory. This electrically erasable memory made it cost less than CPUs that required a quartz "erase window" for erasing EPROM.

Core architecture

The PIC architecture is characterized by its multiple attributes:

Separate code and data spaces (Harvard architecture).
A small number of fixed length instructions
Most instructions are single cycle execution (2 clock cycles, or 4 clock cycles in 8-bit models), with one delay cycle on branches and skips
One accumulator (W0), the use of which (as source operand) is implied (i.e. is not encoded in the opcode)
All RAM locations function as registers as both source and/or destination of math and other functions.[6]
A hardware stack for storing return addresses
A small amount of addressable data space (32, 128, or 256 bytes, depending on the family), extended through banking
Data space mapped CPU, port, and peripheral registers
ALU status flags are mapped into the data space
The program counter is also mapped into the data space and writable (this is used to implement indirect jumps).
There is no distinction between memory space and register space because the RAM serves the job of both memory and registers, and the RAM is usually just referred to as the register file or simply as the registers.

 

Data space (RAM)

PICs have a set of registers that function as general purpose RAM. Special purpose control registers for on-chip hardware resources are also mapped into the data space. The addressability of memory varies depending on device series, and all PIC devices have some banking mechanism to extend addressing to additional memory. Later series of devices feature move instructions which can cover the whole addressable space, independent of the selected bank. In earlier devices, any register move had to be achieved via the accumulator.

To implement indirect addressing, a "file select register" (FSR) and "indirect register" (INDF) are used. A register number is written to the FSR, after which reads from or writes to INDF will actually be to or from the register pointed to by FSR. Later devices extended this concept with post- and pre- increment/decrement for greater efficiency in accessing sequentially stored data. This also allows FSR to be treated almost like a stack pointer (SP).

External data memory is not directly addressable except in some high pin count PIC18 devices.

Code space

The code space is generally implemented as ROM, EPROM or flash ROM. In general, external code memory is not directly addressable due to the lack of an external memory interface. The exceptions are PIC17 and select high pin count PIC18 devices.[7]

 

Word size

All PICs handle (and address) data in 8-bit chunks. However, the unit of addressability of the code space is not generally the same as the data space. For example, PICs in the baseline (PIC12) and mid-range (PIC16) families have program memory addressable in the same read-out of an EEPROM processor dump flash and eeprom decapsulation and code recovery copy contents of crypto memory wordsize as the instruction width, i.e. 12 or 14 bits respectively. In contrast, in the PIC18 series, the program memory is addressed in 8-bit increments (bytes), which differs from the instruction width of 16 bits.

In order to be clear, the program memory capacity is usually stated in number of (single word) instructions, rather than in bytes.

Stacks

PICs have a hardware call stack, which is used to save return addresses. The hardware stack is not software accessible on earlier devices, but this changed with the 18 series devices.

Hardware support for a general purpose parameter stack was lacking in early series, but this greatly improved in the 18 series, making the 18 series architecture more friendly to high level language compilers.

Instruction set

A PIC's instructions vary from about 35 instructions for the low-end PICs to over 80 instructions for the high-end PICs. The instruction set includes instructions to perform a variety of operations on registers directly, the accumulator and a literal constant or the accumulator and a register, as well as for conditional execution, and program branching.

Some operations, such as bit setting and testing, can be performed on any numbered register, but bi-operand arithmetic operations always involve W (the accumulator), writing the result back to either W or the other operand register. To load a constant, it is necessary to load it into W before it can be moved into another register. On the older cores, all register moves needed to pass through W, but this changed on the "high end" cores.

PIC cores have skip instructions which are used for conditional execution and branching. The skip instructions are 'skip if bit set' and 'skip if bit not set'. Because cores before PIC18 had only unconditional branch instructions, conditional jumps are implemented by a disassemble file recovering protected code unprotect remove the protection fuses conditional skip (with the opposite condition) followed by an unconditional branch. Skips are also of utility for conditional execution of any immediate single following instruction. It is possible to skip skip instructions. For example, the instruction sequence "skip if A; skip if B; C" will execute C if A is true or if B is false.

The 18 series implemented shadow registers which save several important registers during an interrupt, providing hardware support for automatically saving processor state when servicing interrupts.

In general, PIC instructions fall into 5 classes:

Operation on working register (WREG) with 8-bit immediate ("literal") operand. E.g. movlw (move literal to WREG), andlw (AND literal with WREG). One instruction peculiar to the PIC is retlw, load immediate into WREG and return, which is data code fuses unlock blocked protect erase used with computed branches to produce lookup tables.
Operation with WREG and indexed register. The result can be written to either the Working register (e.g. addwf reg,w). or the selected register (e.g. addwf reg,f).
Bit operations. These take a register number and a bit number, and perform one of 4 actions: set or clear a bit, and test and skip on set/clear. The latter are used to perform conditional branches. The usual ALU status flags are available in a numbered register so operations such as "branch on carry clear" are possible.
Control transfers. Other than the skip instructions previously mentioned, there are only two: goto and call.
A few miscellaneous zero-operand instructions, such as return from subroutine, and sleep to enter low-power mode.
Performance[edit source | edit]The architectural decisions are directed at the maximization of speed-to-cost ratio. The PIC architecture was among the first scalar CPU designs,[citation needed] and is still among the simplest and cheapest. The Harvard architecture—in which instructions retrieving hex source code source code blocked lockbits activated read security bytes and data come from separate sources—simplifies timing and microcircuit design greatly, and this benefits clock speed, price, and power consumption.

The PIC instruction set is suited to implementation of fast lookup tables in the program space. Such lookups take one instruction and two instruction cycles. Many functions can be modeled in this way. Optimization is facilitated by the relatively large program space of the PIC (e.g. 4096 × 14-bit words on the 16F690) and by the design of the instruction set, which allows for embedded constants. For example, a branch instruction's target may be indexed by W, and execute a "RETLW" which does as it is named - return with literal in W.

Interrupt latency is constant at three instruction cycles. External interrupts have to be synchronized with the four clock instruction cycle, otherwise there can be a one instruction cycle jitter. Internal interrupts are already synchronized. The constant interrupt latency allows PICs to achieve break protect code copy an encrypted IC recovery read data break password interrupt driven low jitter timing sequences. An example of this is a video sync pulse generator. This is no longer true in the newest PIC models, because they have a synchronous interrupt latency of three or four cycles.

Advantages

Small instruction set to learn
RISC architecture
Built in oscillator with selectable speeds
Easy entry level, in circuit programming plus in circuit debugging PICKit units available for less than $50
Inexpensive microcontrollers
Wide range of interfaces including I²C, SPI, USB, USART, A/D, programmable comparators, PWM, LIN, CAN, PSP, and Ethernet[8]
Availability of processors in DIL package make them easy to handle for hobby use.
Limitations[edit source | edit]One accumulator
Register-bank switching is required to access the entire RAM of many devices
Operations and registers are not orthogonal; some instructions can address RAM and/or immediate constants, while others can only use the accumulator
The following stack limitations have been addressed in the PIC18 series, but still apply to earlier cores:

The hardware call stack is not addressable, so preemptive task switching cannot be implemented
Software-implemented stacks are not efficient, so it is difficult to generate reentrant code and support local variables
With paged program memory, there are two page sizes to worry about: one for CALL and GOTO and another for computed GOTO (typically used for table lookups). For example, on PIC16, CALL and GOTO have 11 bits of addressing, so the page size is 2048 instruction recover code from encrypted hacking hex file readback protected read eeprom data words. For computed GOTOs, where you add to PCL, the page size is 256 instruction words. In both cases, the upper address bits are provided by the PCLATH register. This register must be changed every time control transfers between pages. PCLATH must also be preserved by any interrupt handler.[9]

 

Compiler development

While several commercial compilers are available, in 2008, Microchip released their own C compilers, C18 and C30, for the line of 18F 24F and 30/33F processors.

The easy to learn RISC instruction set of the PIC assembly language code can make the overall flow difficult to comprehend. Judicious use of simple macros can increase the readability of PIC assembly language. For example, the original Parallax PIC assembler ("SPASM") has macros read out memory Read Data from EEprom extract software decrypting memory dump which hide W and make the PIC look like a two-address machine. It has macro instructions like "mov b, a" (move the data from address a to address b) and "add b, a" (add data from address a to data in address b). It also hides the skip instructions by providing snaileye three operand branch macro instructions such as "cjne a, b, dest" (compare a with b and jump to dest if they are not equal).

 

Family core architectural differences

PICmicro chips have a Harvard architecture, and instruction words are unusual sizes. Originally, 12-bit instructions included 5 address bits to specify the memory operand, and 9-bit branch destinations. Later revisions added opcode bits, allowing additional address bits.

Baseline core devices (12 bit)[edit source | edit]These devices feature a 12-bit wide code memory, a 32-byte register file, and a tiny two level deep call stack. They are represented by the PIC10 series, as well as by some PIC12 and PIC16 devices. Baseline devices are available in 6-pin to 40-pin packages.

Generally the first 7 to 9 bytes of the register file are special-purpose registers, and the remaining bytes are general purpose RAM. Pointers are implemented using a register pair: after writing an address to the FSR (file select register), the INDF (indirect f) register becomes an read Memory copy eeproms get bin code read program get firmware alias for the addressed register. If banked RAM is implemented, the bank number is selected by the high 3 bits of the FSR. This affects register numbers 16–31; registers 0–15 are global and not affected by the bank select bits.

Because of the very limited register space (5 bits), 4 rarely read registers were not assigned addresses, but written by special instructions (OPTION and TRIS).

The ROM address space is 512 words (12 bits each), which may be extended to 2048 words by banking. CALL and GOTO instructions specify the low 9 bits of the new code location; additional high-order bits are taken from the status register. Note that a CALL instruction only includes 8 bits of address, and may only specify addresses in the first half of each 512-word page.

Lookup tables are implemented using a computed GOTO (assignment to PCL register) into a table of RETLW instructions.

The instruction set is as follows. Register numbers are referred to as "f", while constants are referred to as "k". Bit numbers (0–7) are selected by "b". The "d" bit selects the destination: 0 indicates W, while 1 indicates that the result is written back to source register f. The C and Z status duplicate controller obtain source code code read Microprocessor extract code flags may be set based on the result; otherwise they are unmodified. Add and subtract (but not rotate) instructions that set C also set the DC (digit carry) flag, the carry from bit 3 to bit 4, which is useful for BCD arithmetic.

Same opcode as 12-bit PIC
†: Instruction unique to EM78 instruction set with no PIC equivalent

Some models support multiple ROM or RAM banks, in a manner similar to other PIC microcontrollers.

Mid-range core devices (14 bit)

These devices feature a 14-bit wide code memory, and an improved 8 level deep call stack. The instruction set differs very little from the baseline devices, but the 2 additional source code retreive security open a locked Microcontroller mcu lockbit lock opcode bits allow 128 registers and 2048 words of code to be directly addressed. There are a few additional miscellaneous instructions, and two additional 8-bit literal instructions, add and subtract. The mid-range core is available in the majority of devices labeled PIC12 and PIC16.

The first 32 bytes of the register space are allocated to special-purpose registers; the remaining 96 bytes are used for general-purpose RAM. If banked RAM is used, the high 16 registers (0x70–0x7F) are global, as are a few of the most important special-purpose registers, including get hex code source code recovery extract encryption the STATUS register which holds the RAM bank select bits. (The other global registers are FSR and INDF, the low 8 bits of the program counter PCL, the PC high preload register 扫描电子显微镜SEM拍照 PCLATH, and the master interrupt control register INTCON.)

The PCLATH register supplies high-order instruction address bits when the 8 bits supplied by a write to the PCL register, or the 11 bits supplied by a GOTO or CALL instruction, is not sufficient to address the available ROM space.

Enhanced mid-range core devices (14 bit)

Enhanced mid-range core devices introduce a deeper hardware stack, additional reset methods, 14 additional instructions and ‘C’ programming language optimizations. In particular. there are two INDF registers (INDF0 and INDF1), and two corresponding FSR register pairs (FSRnL and FSRnH). Special instructions use FSRn registers like address registers, with a variety of addressing modes.

14-bit enhanced PIC additional instructions
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mnemonic C? Z? Description
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 opcode Miscellaneous instructions
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 RESET Software reset
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 CALLW Push PC, then jump to PCLATH:W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 BRW PC ← PC + W, relative jump using W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 n 0 0 MOVIW ++FSRn Z Increment FSRn, then W ← INDFn
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 n 0 1 MOVIW −−FSRn Z Decrement FSRn, then W ← INDFn
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 n 1 0 MOVIW FSRn++ Z W ← INDFn, then increment FSRn
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 n 1 1 MOVIW FSRn−− Z W ← INDFn, then decrement FSRn
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 n m MOVWI using FSRn INDFn ← W, same modes as MOVIW
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 k MOVLB k BSR ← k, move literal to bank select register
1 1 opcode d register ALU operations: dest ← OP(f,W)
1 1 0 1 0 1 d f LSLF f,d C Z dest ← f << 1, logical shift left
1 1 0 1 1 0 d f LSRF f,d C Z dest ← f >> 1, logical shift right
1 1 0 1 1 1 d f ASRF f,d C Z dest ← f >> 1, arithmetic shift right
1 1 1 0 1 1 d f SUBWFB f,d C Z dest ← f + ~W + C, subtract with carry
1 1 1 1 0 1 d f ADDWFC f,d C Z dest ← f + W + C, add with carry
1 1 opcode k Operations with literal k
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 n k ADDFSR FSRn,k FSRn ← FSRn + k, add 6-bit signed offset
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 k MOVLP k PCLATH ← k, move 7-bit literal to PC latch high
1 1 0 0 1 k BRA k PC ← PC + k, branch relative using 9-bit signed offset
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 n k MOVIW k[FSRn] Z W ← [FSRn+k], 6-bit signed offset
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n k MOVWI k[FSRn] [FSRn+k] ← W, 6-bit signed offset
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mnemonic C? Z? Description

PIC17 high end core devices (16 bit)

The 17 series never became popular and has been superseded by the PIC18 architecture. It is not recommended for new designs, and availability may be limited.

Improvements over earlier cores are 16-bit wide opcodes (allowing many new instructions), and a 16 level deep call stack. PIC17 devices were produced in packages from 40 to 68 pins.

The 17 series introduced a number of important new features:

a memory mapped accumulator
read access to code memory (table reads)
direct register to register moves (prior cores needed to move registers through the accumulator)
an external program memory interface to expand the code space
an 8-bit × 8-bit hardware multiplier
a second indirect register pair
auto-increment/decrement addressing controlled by control bits in a status register (ALUSTA)
PIC18 high end core devices (16 bit)[edit source | editbeta]Microchip introduced the PIC18 architecture in 2000. [2] Unlike the 17 series, it has proven to be very popular, focused ion beam scanned elctron micrope laboratory read protected HEX data code fuses unlock blocked protect erase with a large number of device variants presently in manufacture. In contrast to earlier devices, which were more often than not programmed in assembly, C has become the predominant development language.[13]

The 18 series inherits most of the features and instructions of the 17 series, while adding a number of important new features:

call stack is 21 bits wide and much deeper (31 levels deep)
the call stack may be read and written (TOSU:TOSH:TOSL registers)
conditional branch instructions
indexed addressing mode (PLUSW)
extending the FSR registers to 12 bits, allowing them to linearly address the entire data address space
the addition of another FSR register (bringing the number up to 3)
The RAM space is 12 bits, addressed using a 4-bit bank select register and an 8-bit offset in each instruction. An additional "access" bit in each instruction selects between bank 0 (a=0) and the bank selected by the BSR (a=1).

A 1-level stack is also available for the STATUS, WREG and BSR registers. They are saved on every interrupt, and may be restored on return. If interrupts are disabled, they may also be used on subroutine call/return by setting the s bit (appending ", FAST" to the instruction).

The auto increment/decrement feature was improved by removing the control bits and adding four new indirect registers per FSR. Depending on which indirect file register is being accessed it is possible to postdecrement, postincrement, or preincrement FSR; or form the effective address by adding W to FSR.

In more advanced PIC18 devices, an "extended mode" is available which makes the addressing even more favorable to compiled code:

a new offset addressing mode; some addresses which were relative to the access bank are now interpreted relative to the FSR2 register
the addition of several new instructions, notable for manipulating the FSR registers.
These changes were primarily aimed at improving the efficiency of a data stack implementation. If FSR2 is used either as the stack pointer or frame decapsulation and code recovery copy contents of crypto memory read EEprom and ROM flash memory get read pointer, stack items may be easily indexed—allowing more efficient re-entrant code. Microchip's MPLAB C18 C compiler chooses to use FSR2 as a frame pointer.

PIC24 and dsPIC 16-bit microcontrollers

In 2001, Microchip introduced the dsPIC series of chips,[15] which entered mass production in late 2004. They are Microchip's first inherently 16-bit microcontrollers. PIC24 devices are designed as general purpose microcontrollers. dsPIC devices include digital signal processing capabilities in addition.

Although still similar to earlier PIC architectures, there are significant enhancements:[16]

All registers are 16 bits wide
Data address space expanded to 64 Kbytes
First 2K is reserved for peripheral control registers
Data bank switching is not required unless RAM exceeds 62K
"f operand" direct addressing extended to 13 bits (8 Kbytes)
16 W registers available for register-register operations.
(But operations on f operands always reference W0.)

Program counter is 22 bits (Bits 22:1; bit 0 is always 0)
Instructions are 24 bits wide
Instructions come in byte (B=1) and (16-bit) word (B=0) forms
Stack is in RAM (with W15 as stack pointer); there is no hardware stack
W14 is the frame pointer
Data stored in ROM may be accessed directly ("Program Space Visibility")
Interrupt vectors for different interrupt sources are supported.
Some features are:

hardware MAC (multiply–accumulate)
barrel shifting
bit reversal
(16×16)-bit single-cycle multiplication and other DSP operations
hardware divide assist (19 cycles for 16/32-bit divide)
hardware support for loop indexing
Direct memory access
dsPICs can be programmed in C using Microchip's C30 compiler which is a variant of GCC.

Instruction ROM is 24 bits wide. Software can access ROM in 16-bit words, where even words hold the least significant 16 bits of each instruction, and odd words hold the most significant 8 bits. The high half of odd words reads as zero. The program counter is 23 bits wide, but the least significant bit is always 0, so there are 22 modifiable bits.

Instructions come in 2 main varieties. One is like the classic PIC instructions, with an operation between W0 and a value in a specified f register (i.e. the first 8K of RAM), and a destination select bit selecting which is updated with the result. The W registers are memory-mapped. so the f operand may be any W register,

The other form, new to the PIC24, specifies 3 W register operands, 2 of which allow a 3-bit addressing mode specification:

The register offset addressing mode is only available to 2-operand instructions. 3-operand instructions use Ww as the second source operand, and use this encoding for an unsigned 5-bit microcontroller protection immediate source. Note that the same Ww may be added to both Wd and Ws.

A few instructions are 2 words long. The second word is a NOP, which includes up to 16 bits of additional immediate operand.

 

PIC32 32-bit microcontrollers

In November 2007 Microchip introduced the new PIC32MX family of 32-bit microcontrollers. The initial device line-up is based on the industry standard MIPS32 M4K Core.[18] The device can be programmed using the Microchip MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32 MCUs, a variant of the GCC compiler. The first 18 models currently in production (PIC32MX3xx and PIC32MX4xx) are pin to pin compatible recovering protected code unprotect remove the protection fuses read-out of an EEPROM processor dump flash and eeprom and share the same peripherals set with the PIC24FxxGA0xx family of (16-bit) devices allowing the use of common libraries, software and hardware tools. Today starting at 28 pin in small QFN packages up to high performance devices with Ethernet, CAN and USB OTG, full family range of mid-range 32-bit microcontrollers are available.

The PIC32 architecture brings a number of new features to Microchip portfolio, including:

The highest execution speed 80 MIPS (120+[19] Dhrystone MIPS @ 80 MHz)
The largest flash memory: 512 kByte
One instruction per clock cycle execution
The first cached processor
Allows execution from RAM
Full Speed Host/Dual Role and OTG USB capabilities
Full JTAG and 2 wire programming and debugging
Real-time trace
Device variants and hardware features[edit source | editbeta]PIC devices generally feature:

Sleep mode (power savings).
Watchdog timer.
Various crystal or RC oscillator configurations, or an external clock.
Variants[edit source | editbeta]Within a series, there are still many device variants depending on what hardware resources the chip features.

General purpose I/O pins.
Internal clock oscillators.
8/16/32 Bit Timers.
Internal EEPROM Memory.
Synchronous/Asynchronous Serial Interface USART.
MSSP Peripheral for I²C and SPI Communications.
Capture/Compare and PWM modules.
Analog-to-digital converters (up to ~1.0 MHz).
USB, Ethernet, CAN interfacing support.
External memory interface.
Integrated analog RF front ends (PIC16F639, and rfPIC).
KEELOQ Rolling code encryption peripheral (encode/decode)
And many more.

Trends

The first generation of PICs with EPROM storage are almost completely replaced by chips with Flash memory. Likewise, the original 12-bit instruction set of the PIC1650 and its direct descendants has been superseded by 14-bit and 16-bit instruction sets. Microchip still sells OTP (one-time-programmable) and windowed (UV-erasable) versions retrieving hex source code source code blocked lockbits activated read security bytes disassemble file of some of its EPROM based PICs for legacy support or volume orders. The Microchip website lists PICs that are not electrically erasable as OTP. UV erasable windowed versions of these chips can be ordered.

Part number suffixes

The F in a name generally indicates the PICmicro uses flash memory and can be erased electronically. Conversely, a C generally means it can only be erased by exposing the die to ultraviolet light (which is only possible if a windowed package style is used). An exception to this rule is the PIC16C84 which uses EEPROM and is therefore electrically erasable.

An L in the name indicates the part will run at a lower voltage, often with frequency limits imposed.[20]

Parts designed specifically for low voltage operation, within a strict range of 3 - 3.6 volts, are marked with a J in the part number. These parts are also uniquely I/O tolerant as they will accept up to 5 V as inputs.[20]

 

PIC clones

Third party manufacturers make compatible products, for example the Parallax SX.

Development tools

Microchip provides a freeware IDE package called MPLAB, which includes an assembler, linker, software simulator, and debugger. They also sell C compilers for the PIC18 and dsPIC which read eeprom data break protect code copy an encrypted IC recovery read data break password integrate cleanly with MPLAB. Free student versions of the C compilers are also available with all features. But for the free versions, optimizations will be disabled after 60 days.[21]

Several third parties make C language compilers for PICs, many of which integrate to MPLAB and/or feature their own IDE. A fully featured compiler for the PICBASIC language to program PIC microcontrollers is available from meLabs, Inc. Mikroelektronika offers PIC compilers in C, Basic and Pascal programming languages.

A graphical programming language, Flowcode, exists capable of programming 8 and 16 bit PIC devices and generating PIC compatible C code. It exists in numerous versions from a free demonstration to a more complete professional edition.

The only opensource compiler for the PIC16 and PIC18 family is the SDCC. It make use of GPutils for linker and assembler tools. A plugin is needed to install them in MPLAB or MPLABX.[22]

Development tools are available for the PIC family under the GPL or other free software or open source licenses.

Device programmers

Main article: PICKit
Devices called "programmers" are traditionally used to get program code into the target PIC. Most PICs that Microchip currently sell feature ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) and/or LVP (Low Voltage Programming) capabilities, allowing the PIC to be programmed while it is sitting in the extract software decrypting memory dump recover code from encrypted hacking hex file readback protected target circuit. ICSP maker together club programming is performed using two pins, clock and data, while a high voltage (12V) is present on the Vpp/MCLR pin. Low voltage programming dispenses with the high voltage, but reserves exclusive use of an I/O pin and can therefore be disabled to recover the pin for other uses (once disabled it can only be re-enabled using high voltage programming).

There are many programmers for PIC microcontrollers, ranging from the extremely simple designs which rely on ICSP to allow direct download of code from a host computer, to intelligent programmers that can verify the device at several supply voltages. Many of these complex programmers use a pre-programmed PIC themselves to send the programming commands to the PIC that is to be programmed. The intelligent type of programmer is needed to program earlier PIC models (mostly EPROM type) which do not support in-circuit programming.

Many of the higher end flash based PICs can also self-program (write to their own program memory). Demo boards are available with a small bootloader factory programmed that can be used to load user programs over an interface such as RS-232 or USB, thus get bin code read program get firmware read out memory Read Data from EEprom obviating the need for a programmer device. Alternatively there is bootloader firmware available that the user can load onto the PIC using ICSP. The advantages of a bootloader over ICSP is the far superior programming speeds, immediate program execution following programming, and the ability to both debug and program using the same cable.

Programmers/debuggers are available directly from Microchip. Third party programmers range from plans to build your own, to self-assembly kits and fully tested ready-to-go units. Some are simple designs which require a PC to do the low-level programming signalling (these typically connect code read Microprocessor extract code read Memory copy eeproms to the serial or parallel port and consist of a few simple components), while others have the programming logic built into them (these typically use a serial or USB connection, are usually faster, and are often built using PICs themselves for control).

PICKit 2 clones and open source

PICKit 2 has been an interesting PIC programmer from Microchip. It can program all PICs and debug most of the PICs (as of May-2009, only the PIC32 family is not supported for MPLAB debugging). Ever since its first releases, all software source code (firmware, PC application) and hardware schematic are open to the public. This makes it relatively easy for an end user to modify the security open a locked Microcontroller mcu lockbit lock duplicate controller obtain the source code programmer for use with a non-Windows operating system such as Linux or Mac OS. In the mean time, it also creates lots of DIY interest and clones. This open source structure brings many features to the PICKit 2 community such as Programmer-to-Go, the UART Tool and the Logic Tool, which have been contributed by PICKit 2 users. Users have also added such features to the PICKit 2 as 4MB Programmer-to-go capability, USB buck/boost circuits, RJ12 type connectors and others.

 

Debugging

Software emulation

Commercial and free emulators exist for the PIC family processors.

In-circuit debugging

Later model PICs feature an ICD (in-circuit debugging) interface, built into the CPU core. ICD debuggers (MPLAB ICD2 and other third party) can communicate with this interface using three lines. This cheap and simple debugging system comes at a price however, get the hex code source code recovery extract encryption source code retreive namely limited breakpoint count (1 on older pics 3 on newer PICs), loss of some IO (with the exception of some surface mount 44-pin PICs which have dedicated lines for debugging) and loss of some features of the chip. For small PICs, where the loss of IO caused by this method would be unacceptable, special headers are made which are fitted with PICs that have extra pins specifically for debugging.

In-circuit emulators

Microchip offers three full in-circuit emulators: the MPLAB ICE2000 (parallel interface, a USB converter is available); the newer MPLAB ICE4000 (USB 2.0 connection); and most recently, the REAL ICE. All of these ICE tools can be used with the MPLAB IDE for full source-level debugging of code running on the target.

The ICE2000 requires emulator modules, and the test hardware must provide a socket which can take either an emulator module, or a production device.

The REAL ICE connects directly to production devices which support in-circuit emulation through the PGC/PGD programming interface, or through a high speed connection which uses two more pins. According to Microchip, it supports "most" flash-based PIC, PIC24, and dsPIC processors.[23]

The ICE4000 is no longer directly advertised on Microchip's website, and the purchasing page states that it is not recommended for new designs.

 

 
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MCP6281 MCP6281R MCP6282 MCP6283 MCP6284 MCP6285 MCP6291 MCP6291R MCP6292 MCP6293 MCP6294 MCP6295 MCP635 MCP651 MCP652 MCP6541 MCP6542 MCP6543 MCP6544 MCP6546 MCP6547 MCP6548 MCP6549 MCP655 MCP661 MCP662 MCP663 MCP665 MCP6G01 MCP6G01R MCP6G01U MCP6G02 MCP6G03 MCP6H04 MCP6L2 MCP6N11 MCP6S21 MCP6S22 MCP6S26 MCP6S28 MCP6S91 MCP6S92 MCP6V01 MCP6V02 MCP6V03 MCP6V06 MCP6V07 MCP6V08 MCP6V26 MCP6V27 MCP73113 MCP73123 MCP73213 MCP73223 MCP73826 MCP73827 MCP73828 MCP73830 MCP73830L MCP73831 MCP73832 MCP73833 MCP73834 MCP73837 MCP73838 MCP73841 MCP73842 MCP73843 MCP73844 MCP73853 MCP73855 MCP73861 MCP73862 MCP73863 MCP73864 MCP73871 MCP79400 MCP79401 MCP79402 MCP7940N MCP79410 MCP79411 MCP79412 MCP809 MCP810 MCP9504 MCP9700 MCP9700A MCP9701 MCP9701A MCP9800 MCP9801 MCP9802 MCP9803 MCP9804 MCP9805 MCP98242 MCV08A MCV14A MCV18A MCV18E MCV201B MCV202B MCV20USB MCV282B MCV283B MCV28A MCV442B MCV443B MRF24J40 MRF24J40MA MRF24J40MB MRF24J40MC MRF24WB0MA MRF24WB0MB MRF24WG0MA MRF24WG0MB MRF24XA MRF49XA MRF89XA MRF89XAM8A MRF89XAM9A MTCH6301 MTD6505 MTS2916A MTS62C19A PIC14000 PS500 PS810 RE46C190 RFPIC12C509AF RFPIC12C509AG RFPIC12F675F RFPIC12F675H RFPIC12F675K RN131 RN171 RN41 RN42 SST25LF020A SST25VF010A SST25VF016B SST25VF020 SST25VF020B SST25VF032B SST25VF040B SST25VF080B SST25VF512A TC1014 TC1015 TC1016 TC1017 TC1025 TC1026 TC1028 TC1029 TC1030 TC1034 TC1035 TC1037 TC1039 TC1040 TC1041 TC1043 TC1044S TC1046 TC1047 TC1047A TC105 TC1054 TC1055 TC1070 TC1071 TC1072 TC1073 TC110 TC1107 TC1108 TC1121 TC115 TC1173 TC1174 TC1185 TC1186 TC1187 TC1188 TC1189 TC1219 TC1220 TC1221 TC1222 TC1223 TC1224 TC1232 TC1240 TC1240A TC125 TC126 TC1263 TC1265 TC1266 TC1269 TC1270A TC1270AN TC1271A TC1272 TC1272A TC1273 TC1274 TC1275 TC1276 TC1277 TC1278 TC1279 TC1300 TC1301A TC1301B TC1302A TC1302B TC1303A TC1303B TC1303C TC1304 TC1320 TC1321 TC1410 TC1410N TC1411 TC1411N TC1412 TC1412N TC1413 TC1413N TC1426 TC1427 TC1428 TC2014 TC2015 TC2054 TC2055 TC2185 TC2186 TC426 TC427 TC428 TC429 TC4403 TC4404 TC4405 TC4420 TC4421 TC4421A TC4422 TC4422A TC4423 TC4423A TC4424 TC4424A TC4425 TC4425A TC4426 TC4426A TC4427 TC4427A TC4428 TC4428A TC4429 TC4431 TC4432 TC4451 TC4452 TC4467 TC4626 TC4627 TC51 TC52 TC55 TC59 TC620 TC621 TC622 TC623 TC624 TC682 TC7650 TC7652 TC7660 TC7660H TC7660S TC7662A TC7662B TC77 TC962 TCM809 TCM810 TCM828 TCM829 TCN75 TCN75A
 
 
 
     
 
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